Did You Know This About Geary County History?”

“Remembering Mona Kessinger – 1965 Kansas Journalist of the Year”

Many of us remember the lady who was involved in the Junction City Little Theater for numerous years by the name of Mona Kessinger.  However, many people  may not know that she was a recognized newspaper woman and in April of 1965 was named the “Kansas Journalist of the Year.”  She was given the award by the Kansas State University chapter of Theta Sigma Phi. The presentation of the award was made at the annual Matrix Table Banquet held in the K-State Union.  Over a period of 12 straight years, Mrs. Kessinger had placed in the top 3 in column writing in the Kansas Women’s writing contest and she had won 39 regional and national awards for her writing in the period from 1951 to 1965.  Excerpts from her columns appeared in books and even magazines.  Some of those magazines included the Ladies Home Journal, Women’s Day and The New Yorker.  

	Mona was a music major in college, but began working in the newspaper business in November of 1948, when her husband purchased The Craig Leader in Craig, Missouri.  Although she had never been in a newspaper office before and although the day of the purchase coincided with the birth of their third child, Mrs. Kessinger soon was working at the linotype with her infant in her lap.  

In 1950, the Kessinger’s purchased the Junction City Republic newspaper.  When her husband served in the Legislature from 1960-1964, Mrs. Kessinger found herself in full charge of the newspaper.  Mona was a founder and charter member of the Junction City Knife and Fork Club; the first woman named to the Salvation Army Advisory Board and was among a small group of women working in a drama study group that was the beginning of the Junction City Little Theater.  She appeared in many shows and assisted with productions at the Junction City Little Theater.   Mona retired from the newspaper business in 1984 with the sale of the Republic newspaper.  

Mona Kessinger died on January 21, 2008 and was buried at the Ida Cemetery near Munden, Kansas.  Larry Divel, Mona’s son-in-law, officiated the graveside service. 

“The Train That Ran Through Fifth Street and Coronado Parks”

Many of us have seen the recent development and improvements to the playground equipment at the Fifth Street Park in Junction City.&nbsp; Children and their parents are regularly seen using the equipment and enjoying their time together.  Did you know that at one time there was a train that ran through the Fifth Street and Coronado Parks?

Today’s story was written by Darren Gunderson and published in The Daily Union newspaper in July of 2000.  The article was titled “Junction City’s Forgotten Railroad Empire”.

Darren wrote: “Anyone who has had to sit at the railroad crossing on Chestnut, Ash or Eighth Street is very familiar with the fact that the Union Pacific Railroad line goes through Junction City.  We were also served by the Missouri, Kansas, Texas railway or MKT line before it ceased service November 12, 1957. 

Junction City also had a third short-lived railroad empire in the early 1950s – The Junction City Flyer” or the #1069. The train (which was the size of those found at some amusement parks) was purchased by Bert McKinsey and brought from Wichita.  Bert owned McKinsey and Phillips Barber Shop in the 600 block of Washington Street. The train came with “some assembly required”.  It was said the train, tracks and all could be set up in one day.

  Raymond Eller, who lost the use of his legs because of polio and was attending Kansas State University, was hired to operate the train in Fifth Street Park during the summer months.  There were promotions for young people to get free rides if they brought three wrappers from Marvel Bread.

  The Junction City Flyer had a short life of only a couple of years at Fifth Street Park and one or two years in Coronado Park.  The “Flyer” was purchased and taken from the area – last seen in Indiana.”  If anyone has stories they are willing to share about the “Junction City Flyer” #1069, please contact the Museum at 238-1666.  

Did You Know This About Geary County History?”By Dr. Ferrell MillerGeary County Historical Society“Remembering Mona Kessinger – 1965 Kansas Journalist of the Year”<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/3/1583431317184.jpeg" alt="The JC Republic" />
 <figcaption>The JC Republic</figcaption>
 </figure>Many of us remember the lady who was involved in the Junction City Little Theater for numerous years by the name of Mona Kessinger. However, many people may not know that she was a recognized newspaper woman and in April of 1965 was named the “Kansas Journalist of the Year.” She was given the award by the Kansas State University chapter of Theta Sigma Phi. The presentation of the award was made at the annual Matrix Table Banquet held in the K-State Union. Over a period of 12 straight years, Mrs. Kessinger had placed in the top 3 in column writing in the Kansas Women’s writing contest and she had won 39 regional and national awards for her writing in the period from 1951 to 1965. Excerpts from her columns appeared in books and even magazines. Some of those magazines included the Ladies Home Journal, Women’s Day and The New Yorker. 	Mona was a music major in college, but began working in the newspaper business in November of 1948, when her husband purchased The Craig Leader in Craig, Missouri. Although she had never been in a newspaper office before and although the day of the purchase coincided with the birth of their third child, Mrs. Kessinger soon was working at the linotype with her infant in her lap. In 1950, the Kessinger’s purchased the Junction City Republic newspaper. When her husband served in the Legislature from 1960-1964, Mrs. Kessinger found herself in full charge of the newspaper. Mona was a founder and charter member of the Junction City Knife and Fork Club; the first woman named to the Salvation Army Advisory Board and was among a small group of women working in a drama study group that was the beginning of the Junction City Little Theater. She appeared in many shows and assisted with productions at the Junction City Little Theater. Mona retired from the newspaper business in 1984 with the sale of the Republic newspaper. Mona Kessinger died on January 21, 2008 and was buried at the Ida Cemetery near Munden, Kansas. Larry Divel, Mona’s son-in-law, officiated the graveside service. “The Train That Ran Through Fifth Street and Coronado Parks”Many of us have seen the recent development and improvements to the playground equipment at the Fifth Street Park in Junction City.&nbsp; Children and their parents are regularly seen using the equipment and enjoying their time together. Did you know that at one time there was a train that ran through the Fifth Street and Coronado Parks?Today’s story was written by Darren Gunderson and published in The Daily Union newspaper in July of 2000. The article was titled “Junction City’s Forgotten Railroad Empire”.Darren wrote: “Anyone who has had to sit at the railroad crossing on Chestnut, Ash or Eighth Street is very familiar with the fact that the Union Pacific Railroad line goes through Junction City. We were also served by the Missouri, Kansas, Texas railway or MKT line before it ceased service November 12, 1957. Junction City also had a third short-lived railroad empire in the early 1950s – The Junction City Flyer” or the #1069. The train (which was the size of those found at some amusement parks) was purchased by Bert McKinsey and brought from Wichita. Bert owned McKinsey and Phillips Barber Shop in the 600 block of Washington Street. The train came with “some assembly required”. It was said the train, tracks and all could be set up in one day. Raymond Eller, who lost the use of his legs because of polio and was attending Kansas State University, was hired to operate the train in Fifth Street Park during the summer months. There were promotions for young people to get free rides if they brought three wrappers from Marvel Bread. The Junction City Flyer had a short life of only a couple of years at Fifth Street Park and one or two years in Coronado Park. The “Flyer” was purchased and taken from the area – last seen in Indiana.” If anyone has stories they are willing to share about the “Junction City Flyer” #1069, please contact the Museum at 238-1666.

Our Past is Present

		Geary County Historical Society Board Member

“JCHS Yearbook Tells The Story Of Segregation/Integration In Junction City” Part III

	This is the third and final article about segregation and integration related to the Junction City High School Yearbook, the Pow Wow, during the 1920’s and ‘40’s.  The complete article was originally published in 2000 in the “Junction City Union” newspaper and written by Gaylynn Childs.  Gaylynn is the retired Executive Director of the Geary County Historical Society. 

	“The black students in the Class of 1943 were activists.  They were mostly children of Ninth Cavalrymen who were going overseas in WWII. The students felt both pride and solidarity.  Seven of the students were on the football team and one of those, Arthur Fletcher, was on the Kansas All-State team. While they contributed strongly to Junction City’s winning football season, black students were not permitted to participate in all extracurricular activities.  They were not selected for the Pow Wow staff, for example.

	Starkey Caver, another black student who had served two years in the Navy during the war, returned to finish his high school requirements to graduate.  Starkey was active in the NAACP.   His idea of effective action was quite different from that of the Class of 1943.  Starkey believed that the key to change was to enlist the support of his white classmates.  His recollection was that black and white students on the Pow Wow staff were united in the desire to end the unequal treatment of the past.  Though they met some resistance from their adviser and the school administration, the students continued to insist on justice.

	Eventually, the discriminatory practices in the Pow Wow and even at commencement ended.  On July 16, 1948, President Harry S. Truman signed Order No. 9981 establishing racial integration in the armed forces.  Junction City and Fort Riley were on a continuing path to ever greater diversity and complexity.”&nbsp;

	During the month of March we celebrate the impact women have had during “Women’s History Month.” This article is about the Rizer sisters, who passed on the history of Junction City to future generations.  

  Captain Robert Rizer and his 19 year old bride, Josephine, arrived in this area in the spring of 1865, having made their honeymoon journey from Denver to Fort Riley on horseback with the Captain’s regiment. Upon their arrival, they learned that the Civil War had ended on the day they were married and soon after Robert mustered out of the Colorado Cavalry.

	The couple took up housekeeping in Junction City in a little frame house located on the corner of Seventh and Washington Streets, which is where the George Smith Library building is today.  The Rizer’s had 10 children born to them, however, four boys died in infancy and one was still born, leaving only five daughters.  The daughters were Harriet (1866, Josephine (1868, Blanche (1876, Theresa (1879) and Edwina or “Edna” (1884).   

The house was where the Rizer sisters grew up was built by their parents and was located on West Sixth Street. Such notables as former President U.S. Grant, “Wild Bill” Hickock, General George Custer, Kit Carson, Buffalo Bill and Chief Sitting Bull were welcomed and entertained. 

	In 1918, the same year that the Rizer sister’s mother, Josephine, died, Blanche opened a millinery shop at 114 W. Eighth Street.  Robert Rizer died in 1921, leaving three of his “maiden” daughters to provide for themselves.  Theresa had married Fred Durrand in 1903. 

	The Rizer Shop was an “institution” in Junction City.  The shop was located at 617 N. Washington Street.  During this time it was the principal destination for women shoppers in town as well as from Fort Riley and the surrounding area. 

	In 1997, Marian Fegan Grammar recalled visiting the shop with her mother in the 1920’s. She stated that “Back then everybody knew everybody in town.  The ladies would get dressed up and walk downtown with their parasols, hats and white gloves.  Mother would often take me with her and we would go down to the Rizer Shop.  They had an area in the back of the store arranged with wicker furniture and Vogue magazines.  The women would go in and sit and visit.  You didn’t need to buy anything.  This was just a place for the ladies to gather downtown and catch up on the latest news.  And, of course, there was always one of the Rizer sisters there to inform any newcomer about Junction City’s history.” 

	In 1935, the sisters moved the shop a few doors north to the corner location of 625 N. Washington Street, which is now occupied by Tom’s Men’s Wear.  The Rizer shop finally closed its doors for good in 1952.  However, the Rizer sisters kept busy recounting Junction City’s history for a whole new generation of listeners.”&nbsp;

Did You Know This About Geary County History?”	By Dr. Ferrell Miller		Geary County Historical Society Board Member<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1582826992980.jpeg" alt="Grimes (From Part II Story) Swisher and Carver (From Part III Story) Yearbook Photos" />
 <figcaption>Grimes (From Part II Story) Swisher and Carver (From Part III Story) Yearbook Photos</figcaption>
 </figure>“JCHS Yearbook Tells The Story Of Segregation/Integration In Junction City” Part III	This is the third and final article about segregation and integration related to the Junction City High School Yearbook, the Pow Wow, during the 1920’s and ‘40’s. The complete article was originally published in 2000 in the “Junction City Union” newspaper and written by Gaylynn Childs. Gaylynn is the retired Executive Director of the Geary County Historical Society. 	“The black students in the Class of 1943 were activists. They were mostly children of Ninth Cavalrymen who were going overseas in WWII. The students felt both pride and solidarity. Seven of the students were on the football team and one of those, Arthur Fletcher, was on the Kansas All-State team. While they contributed strongly to Junction City’s winning football season, black students were not permitted to participate in all extracurricular activities. They were not selected for the Pow Wow staff, for example.	Starkey Caver, another black student who had served two years in the Navy during the war, returned to finish his high school requirements to graduate. Starkey was active in the NAACP. His idea of effective action was quite different from that of the Class of 1943. Starkey believed that the key to change was to enlist the support of his white classmates. His recollection was that black and white students on the Pow Wow staff were united in the desire to end the unequal treatment of the past. Though they met some resistance from their adviser and the school administration, the students continued to insist on justice.	Eventually, the discriminatory practices in the Pow Wow and even at commencement ended. On July 16, 1948, President Harry S. Truman signed Order No. 9981 establishing racial integration in the armed forces. Junction City and Fort Riley were on a continuing path to ever greater diversity and complexity.”&nbsp;“The Rizer Sisters”<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1582827292481.jpeg" alt="Rizer Sisters" />
 <figcaption>Rizer Sisters</figcaption>
 </figure>	During the month of March we celebrate the impact women have had during “Women’s History Month.” This article is about the Rizer sisters, who passed on the history of Junction City to future generations. Captain Robert Rizer and his 19 year old bride, Josephine, arrived in this area in the spring of 1865, having made their honeymoon journey from Denver to Fort Riley on horseback with the Captain’s regiment. Upon their arrival, they learned that the Civil War had ended on the day they were married and soon after Robert mustered out of the Colorado Cavalry.	The couple took up housekeeping in Junction City in a little frame house located on the corner of Seventh and Washington Streets, which is where the George Smith Library building is today. The Rizer’s had 10 children born to them, however, four boys died in infancy and one was still born, leaving only five daughters. The daughters were Harriet (1866, Josephine (1868, Blanche (1876, Theresa (1879) and Edwina or “Edna” (1884). The house was where the Rizer sisters grew up was built by their parents and was located on West Sixth Street. Such notables as former President U.S. Grant, “Wild Bill” Hickock, General George Custer, Kit Carson, Buffalo Bill and Chief Sitting Bull were welcomed and entertained. 	In 1918, the same year that the Rizer sister’s mother, Josephine, died, Blanche opened a millinery shop at 114 W. Eighth Street. Robert Rizer died in 1921, leaving three of his “maiden” daughters to provide for themselves. Theresa had married Fred Durrand in 1903. 	The Rizer Shop was an “institution” in Junction City. The shop was located at 617 N. Washington Street. During this time it was the principal destination for women shoppers in town as well as from Fort Riley and the surrounding area. 	In 1997, Marian Fegan Grammar recalled visiting the shop with her mother in the 1920’s. She stated that “Back then everybody knew everybody in town. The ladies would get dressed up and walk downtown with their parasols, hats and white gloves. Mother would often take me with her and we would go down to the Rizer Shop. They had an area in the back of the store arranged with wicker furniture and Vogue magazines. The women would go in and sit and visit. You didn’t need to buy anything. This was just a place for the ladies to gather downtown and catch up on the latest news. And, of course, there was always one of the Rizer sisters there to inform any newcomer about Junction City’s history.” 	In 1935, the sisters moved the shop a few doors north to the corner location of 625 N. Washington Street, which is now occupied by Tom’s Men’s Wear. The Rizer shop finally closed its doors for good in 1952. However, the Rizer sisters kept busy recounting Junction City’s history for a whole new generation of listeners.”&nbsp;

“JCHS Yearbook Tells The Story Of Segregation/Integration In Junction City” Part II

	This is the second article about segregation and integration related to the Junction City High School Yearbook, the Pow Wow, during the 1920’s and ‘40’s.  The complete article was originally published in 2000 in the “Junction City Union” newspaper and written by Gaylynn Childs.  Gaylynn is the retired Executive Director of the Geary County Historical.

	“It is useful to select one example from the beginning of the period in order to show the difficulties faced by African-Americans in the 1920’s.  Lois Grimes, Class of 1924, moved to Junction City in 1912 so Lois and her sister, Francis, could attend racially integrated schools. 	

	Lois was the only black student among the 68 graduates in 1924.  She was one of only 17 to complete the college preparatory curriculum.  Beside her picture appeared the words, “Lois’ industrious spirit will carry her far along the highway of success whether it be long or short, easy or hard.” 

	It turned out to be both long and hard.  Although Lois’ portrait appeared in the middle of her classmates, she recalls that she had to walk at the end of the line at the commencement ceremony. 

	By 1930, the Pow Wow reflected a greater ethnic diversity in Junction City High School.  The Ninth Cavalry had returned from the Philippines a few years before, bringing Filipino and half-Filipino families with them.  Among the pictures on the first page of the senior section were those of Lawrence Swisher; who was black and Clara Cervera, who was a Filipina.  

Some of the houses and their residents located in Junction City in 1934 are as interesting as the people who lived in them.  The house at the corner of Ninth and Adams Streets was owned by Mr. M.H. Miller, who was the owner of the grocery store at 305 West Ninth Street.  

	 Will Dixon’s home was at the corner of Jefferson and Third Streets.  This house was built at the end of the Civil War by Major O. J. Hopkins, brother-in-law of L.W. Sergant.  The lumber used for the home was brought from Leavenworth, Kansas.

	Colonel John B. Anderson, uncle of John A. Anderson, the congressman from Kansas who built the Presbyterian Church, lived in the house next to the church.  He built an addition to the south side of the house in the form of a billiard room.  It was later occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Josiah McClure, prominent early day residents of Junction City.   	

	The first stone house was built by Dr. Luther Hall.  It was located on the south side of Sixth Street at the corner of Sixth and Jefferson Streets.  

The house of Nellie I. Baker at 318 North Jefferson Street was formerly owned by A.F. and Dick Clark.  It was erected by Joe Soutters, builder of early stone houses.  It was later occupied by Mrs. Mary Clark, a mother of five sons, whose husband left the family to fight in the Civil War. Widow Mary, as she was later known, owned and operated one of the first ferries used to transport people and animals across the Republican River to and from Junction City to Fort Riley.  The first Catholic Church services of Junction City were held in that same house where the Clark’s lived.  

	These are a few of the residences that had seen the growth and development of Junction City.  Our readers are encouraged to drive around town and see some of the beautiful older houses in our city.

Did You Know This About Geary County History?”	By Dr. Ferrell Miller		Geary County Historical Society Board Member“JCHS Yearbook Tells The Story Of Segregation/Integration In Junction City” Part II	This is the second article about segregation and integration related to the Junction City High School Yearbook, the Pow Wow, during the 1920’s and ‘40’s. The complete article was originally published in 2000 in the “Junction City Union” newspaper and written by Gaylynn Childs. Gaylynn is the retired Executive Director of the Geary County Historical.	“It is useful to select one example from the beginning of the period in order to show the difficulties faced by African-Americans in the 1920’s. Lois Grimes, Class of 1924, moved to Junction City in 1912 so Lois and her sister, Francis, could attend racially integrated schools. 		Lois was the only black student among the 68 graduates in 1924. She was one of only 17 to complete the college preparatory curriculum. Beside her picture appeared the words, “Lois’ industrious spirit will carry her far along the highway of success whether it be long or short, easy or hard.” 	It turned out to be both long and hard. Although Lois’ portrait appeared in the middle of her classmates, she recalls that she had to walk at the end of the line at the commencement ceremony. 	By 1930, the Pow Wow reflected a greater ethnic diversity in Junction City High School. The Ninth Cavalry had returned from the Philippines a few years before, bringing Filipino and half-Filipino families with them. Among the pictures on the first page of the senior section were those of Lawrence Swisher; who was black and Clara Cervera, who was a Filipina. “Houses of Interest In 1934”Some of the houses and their residents located in Junction City in 1934 are as interesting as the people who lived in them. The house at the corner of Ninth and Adams Streets was owned by Mr. M.H. Miller, who was the owner of the grocery store at 305 West Ninth Street. 	 Will Dixon’s home was at the corner of Jefferson and Third Streets. This house was built at the end of the Civil War by Major O. J. Hopkins, brother-in-law of L.W. Sergant. The lumber used for the home was brought from Leavenworth, Kansas.	Colonel John B. Anderson, uncle of John A. Anderson, the congressman from Kansas who built the Presbyterian Church, lived in the house next to the church. He built an addition to the south side of the house in the form of a billiard room. It was later occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Josiah McClure, prominent early day residents of Junction City. 		The first stone house was built by Dr. Luther Hall. It was located on the south side of Sixth Street at the corner of Sixth and Jefferson Streets. The house of Nellie I. Baker at 318 North Jefferson Street was formerly owned by A.F. and Dick Clark. It was erected by Joe Soutters, builder of early stone houses. It was later occupied by Mrs. Mary Clark, a mother of five sons, whose husband left the family to fight in the Civil War. Widow Mary, as she was later known, owned and operated one of the first ferries used to transport people and animals across the Republican River to and from Junction City to Fort Riley. The first Catholic Church services of Junction City were held in that same house where the Clark’s lived. 	These are a few of the residences that had seen the growth and development of Junction City. Our readers are encouraged to drive around town and see some of the beautiful older houses in our city.

		Geary County Historical Society Board Member	

“JCHS Yearbook Tells The Story Of Segregation/Integration In Junction City” Part I

	“The Junction City High School Yearbook was first printed in 1900, but it did not receive the title of Pow Wow until 1923.  School yearbooks are not usually scenes of political actions or protest, but the JCHS Pow Wow was an exception. Though the controversy took place almost 100 years ago, it is still interesting how students supported each other in terms of racial equality.  This is still an important. 

	The Pow Wow controversy needs to be set in the context of U.S. history for the period from 1923 to 1948.  Junction City had good race relations for the time, but the times were very different from today.  Most African American students in Kansas attended segregated schools.  Junction City was an exception. Many neighborhoods were racially integrated and black and white children grew up together as playmates and friends.  Often the white children were unaware that black children could not swim in Junction City’s Municipal Pool with them, sit in the same part of the movie theaters or go to the skating rink.

	The story related to the Pow Wow yearbooks reveals how unjust practices were changed.  It is worth telling (and repeating here, because it represents both the power of black pride and interracial cooperation.” (It is a lesson about “subtle” racial inequalities that still exist along with the obvious ones even in 2020).

In another article published in this space, information will be shared about segregation and integration related to the Junction City High School Yearbook, the Pow Wow, during the 1920’s and ‘40’s. The information was taken from an article written by Gaylynn Childs in 2000 and published in the “Junction City Union” newspaper. Gaylynn is the retired Executive Director of the Geary County Historical Society.

	 Lois Grimes, Lawrence Swisher and Starkey Caver will have their stories included in another article about how change occurred within Junction City High School between the 1920’s and 40’s. 

	In February of 1949, clearance sales in Junction City newspaper ads proclaimed bargains available to the wise shoppers. Compare these prices with those found today on similar items. Here are some examples:

	Waters Appliance Department was featuring a Maytag Chieftain Washer for $124.95. Durland’s Furniture advertised occasional rockers for $16.66.  They also had genuine walnut lamp tables on sale for only $8.66. 

	The clothing stores also had some impressive ads in 1949.  Hood and Spencer’s Men’s Store offered men’s dress suits from $21.95 to $42.95, leather jackets from $5.95 to $15.00, neckties were 3 for $1.00 and socks were 2 pair for 29 cents.  

	The ladies had similar bargains presented to them at Townsend’s Department Store where they could purchase washable dresses from $1.88 to $5.88.  Cole’s offered Justin-McCarty polka dot rayon crepe for $22.50.  La Shelle’s Shoe Store promoted a new mid-high heel in blue or green calf for only $10.94.  

	Prices for cars at local dealerships in Junction City in 1949 ranged from $200.00 for a 1936 Pontiac to $1,625.00 for a 1948 Ford.  A new Hudson, “the only car you step down into”, was advertised for $2,402.83.  Pontiac and Hudson cars aren’t even made any more.  

	There was a large ad which introduced a new flour called “Silver Mist”.  It was manufactured by Shellaberger’s Mills of Salina.  The ad covered half a page in the newspaper.  This new “Silver Mist” flour was bleached and enriched in a convenient shelf-rite box.  There were 22 local grocery stores that carried the product.  

  	  It is imagined that our readers are budget minded, ad-reading, coupon clipping, bargain hunters who watch for those special bargains and make use of all the discounts available to them.  Some of these products from the past ARE present, but the cost to purchase them is much higher. 

Did You Know This About Geary County History?”	By Dr. Ferrell Miller		Geary County Historical Society Board Member	“JCHS Yearbook Tells The Story Of Segregation/Integration In Junction City” Part I	“The Junction City High School Yearbook was first printed in 1900, but it did not receive the title of Pow Wow until 1923. School yearbooks are not usually scenes of political actions or protest, but the JCHS Pow Wow was an exception. Though the controversy took place almost 100 years ago, it is still interesting how students supported each other in terms of racial equality. This is still an important. 	The Pow Wow controversy needs to be set in the context of U.S. history for the period from 1923 to 1948. Junction City had good race relations for the time, but the times were very different from today. Most African American students in Kansas attended segregated schools. Junction City was an exception. Many neighborhoods were racially integrated and black and white children grew up together as playmates and friends. Often the white children were unaware that black children could not swim in Junction City’s Municipal Pool with them, sit in the same part of the movie theaters or go to the skating rink.	The story related to the Pow Wow yearbooks reveals how unjust practices were changed. It is worth telling (and repeating here, because it represents both the power of black pride and interracial cooperation.” (It is a lesson about “subtle” racial inequalities that still exist along with the obvious ones even in 2020).In another article published in this space, information will be shared about segregation and integration related to the Junction City High School Yearbook, the Pow Wow, during the 1920’s and ‘40’s. The information was taken from an article written by Gaylynn Childs in 2000 and published in the “Junction City Union” newspaper. Gaylynn is the retired Executive Director of the Geary County Historical Society.	 Lois Grimes, Lawrence Swisher and Starkey Caver will have their stories included in another article about how change occurred within Junction City High School between the 1920’s and 40’s. “Clearance Sales In 1949” 	In February of 1949, clearance sales in Junction City newspaper ads proclaimed bargains available to the wise shoppers. Compare these prices with those found today on similar items. Here are some examples:	Waters Appliance Department was featuring a Maytag Chieftain Washer for $124.95. Durland’s Furniture advertised occasional rockers for $16.66. They also had genuine walnut lamp tables on sale for only $8.66. 	The clothing stores also had some impressive ads in 1949. Hood and Spencer’s Men’s Store offered men’s dress suits from $21.95 to $42.95, leather jackets from $5.95 to $15.00, neckties were 3 for $1.00 and socks were 2 pair for 29 cents. 	The ladies had similar bargains presented to them at Townsend’s Department Store where they could purchase washable dresses from $1.88 to $5.88. Cole’s offered Justin-McCarty polka dot rayon crepe for $22.50. La Shelle’s Shoe Store promoted a new mid-high heel in blue or green calf for only $10.94. 	Prices for cars at local dealerships in Junction City in 1949 ranged from $200.00 for a 1936 Pontiac to $1,625.00 for a 1948 Ford. A new Hudson, “the only car you step down into”, was advertised for $2,402.83. Pontiac and Hudson cars aren’t even made any more. 	There was a large ad which introduced a new flour called “Silver Mist”. It was manufactured by Shellaberger’s Mills of Salina. The ad covered half a page in the newspaper. This new “Silver Mist” flour was bleached and enriched in a convenient shelf-rite box. There were 22 local grocery stores that carried the product. 	 It is imagined that our readers are budget minded, ad-reading, coupon clipping, bargain hunters who watch for those special bargains and make use of all the discounts available to them. Some of these products from the past ARE present, but the cost to purchase them is much higher.

Geary County Historical Society Board Member

“Abraham Lincoln Visits The Kansas Territory”

Abraham Lincoln’s birthday is February 12th, 1809. With the Uniform Monday Holiday Act of 1971, Lincoln and George Washington’s birthdays are celebrated on what is called President’s Day. It is not a federal holiday. States are permitted to make their own decision about closing offices and schools.

Today’s story is not specifically about Geary County history, although the news about Abraham Lincoln visiting the Kansas Territory was likely read about and/or discussed in various places around the county.

On December 1st, 1859, a tall gangly traveler got off a riverboat in the little Kansas town of Elwood, which is just across the Missouri River from St. Joseph, Missouri. The traveler was identified the next day in the Elwood “Free Press” as the honorable Abraham Lincoln, who according to the report “kindly consented to make a speech here although he was somewhat under the weather and fatigued with the journey.” During the following week, Lincoln visite the few towns and settlements in the eastern part of the strife-torn Kansas territory. He had come to see for himself the situation and the territory. The issue of concern, of course, was whether to allow or prohibit slavery.

Albert Richards was one among a crowd of forty people who gathered to hear Lincoln speak in the little town of Troy in Doniphan County. Mr. Richards recorded the following about the future President:

“There was none of the magnetism of a multitude to inspire the long angular, ungainly orator, who rose up behind a rough table. In a conversational tone he argued the question of slavery in the territories in the language of an average Ohio or New York farmer. I thought, if the Illinoisans consider this a great man, their ideas must be very peculiar. But in 10 or 15 minutes I was unconsciously drawn by the clearness and logic of his argument. His fairness and candor were very noticeable. He ridiculed nothing and misrepresented nothing.”

The address lasted three quarters of an hour and when Lincoln concluded his remarks an older man originally from Kentucky, the heaviest slaveholder in the area, was asked to respond. He began with this honest comment: “I have heard, during my life all the ablest public speakers, all the eminent statesmen of the past and the present generation and candor compels me to say - that this is the most logical speech I ever listened to.”

On January 29, 1861, Kansas entered the Union as a “Free State”. In March of 1861, just 16 months after his visit to Kansas, Lincoln became our 16th President until his assassination in 1865.

One of Geary County’s earliest love stories began during the turbulent days in July 1855,

when the first territorial legislature met in the little town of Pawnee, which no longer exists.

That area is now a part of the Fort Riley reservation. New settlers were pouring into the new town every day.

A 16 year old girl by the name of Ruth Barry, had come from Pennsylvania with her brother-in-law and his family. Arriving at the same time as the delegates to the Kansas legislature, the Barry family was recruited to assist with the efforts to feed the delegates, even before they had found lodging or shelter for themselves. Young Ruth was put to work making over 70 pies under the most primitive conditions.

Among the dignitaries was Governor Andrew Reeder and a young man by the name of Gabert Fischer Gordon. Gabert was placed at the Governor’s table that night when Ruth served pieces of the pies she had made. According to family accounts, it was love at first sight. Even though Mr. Gordon was considerably older than Ruth he courted her persistently during the cholera epidemic and destruction of the town of Pawnee and… he eventually won her hand.

On a February night in 1856, Ruth and her sister crossed the frozen Kansas River in an ox-drawn sleigh made from a converted lumber wagon. Their destination was the former Territorial Capitol building which had become the quarters of the Post Chaplain and his family.

It was in that building and on Valentine’s Day 1856 where she and Grabert Gordon were married. The wedding took place in the same room where just months before the issues of slavery, freedom and the future of Kansas had been debated.

Did You Know This About Geary County History?”By Dr. Ferrell MillerGeary County Historical Society Board Member<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1581003657445.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>“Abraham Lincoln Visits The Kansas Territory”Abraham Lincoln’s birthday is February 12th, 1809. With the Uniform Monday Holiday Act of 1971, Lincoln and George Washington’s birthdays are celebrated on what is called President’s Day. It is not a federal holiday. States are permitted to make their own decision about closing offices and schools.Today’s story is not specifically about Geary County history, although the news about Abraham Lincoln visiting the Kansas Territory was likely read about and/or discussed in various places around the county.On December 1st, 1859, a tall gangly traveler got off a riverboat in the little Kansas town of Elwood, which is just across the Missouri River from St. Joseph, Missouri. The traveler was identified the next day in the Elwood “Free Press” as the honorable Abraham Lincoln, who according to the report “kindly consented to make a speech here although he was somewhat under the weather and fatigued with the journey.” During the following week, Lincoln visite the few towns and settlements in the eastern part of the strife-torn Kansas territory. He had come to see for himself the situation and the territory. The issue of concern, of course, was whether to allow or prohibit slavery.Albert Richards was one among a crowd of forty people who gathered to hear Lincoln speak in the little town of Troy in Doniphan County. Mr. Richards recorded the following about the future President:“There was none of the magnetism of a multitude to inspire the long angular, ungainly orator, who rose up behind a rough table. In a conversational tone he argued the question of slavery in the territories in the language of an average Ohio or New York farmer. I thought, if the Illinoisans consider this a great man, their ideas must be very peculiar. But in 10 or 15 minutes I was unconsciously drawn by the clearness and logic of his argument. His fairness and candor were very noticeable. He ridiculed nothing and misrepresented nothing.”The address lasted three quarters of an hour and when Lincoln concluded his remarks an older man originally from Kentucky, the heaviest slaveholder in the area, was asked to respond. He began with this honest comment: “I have heard, during my life all the ablest public speakers, all the eminent statesmen of the past and the present generation and candor compels me to say - that this is the most logical speech I ever listened to.”On January 29, 1861, Kansas entered the Union as a “Free State”. In March of 1861, just 16 months after his visit to Kansas, Lincoln became our 16th President until his assassination in 1865.“A Valentine’s Day Wedding”One of Geary County’s earliest love stories began during the turbulent days in July 1855,when the first territorial legislature met in the little town of Pawnee, which no longer exists.That area is now a part of the Fort Riley reservation. New settlers were pouring into the new town every day.A 16 year old girl by the name of Ruth Barry, had come from Pennsylvania with her brother-in-law and his family. Arriving at the same time as the delegates to the Kansas legislature, the Barry family was recruited to assist with the efforts to feed the delegates, even before they had found lodging or shelter for themselves. Young Ruth was put to work making over 70 pies under the most primitive conditions.Among the dignitaries was Governor Andrew Reeder and a young man by the name of Gabert Fischer Gordon. Gabert was placed at the Governor’s table that night when Ruth served pieces of the pies she had made. According to family accounts, it was love at first sight. Even though Mr. Gordon was considerably older than Ruth he courted her persistently during the cholera epidemic and destruction of the town of Pawnee and… he eventually won her hand.On a February night in 1856, Ruth and her sister crossed the frozen Kansas River in an ox-drawn sleigh made from a converted lumber wagon. Their destination was the former Territorial Capitol building which had become the quarters of the Post Chaplain and his family.It was in that building and on Valentine’s Day 1856 where she and Grabert Gordon were married. The wedding took place in the same room where just months before the issues of slavery, freedom and the future of Kansas had been debated.

“Jacqueline Kennedy’s Dress Designer Once Lived In Junction City”

Polly Anderson, an Associated Press writer, wrote an article about Oleg Cassini, which was reprinted in the “Junction City Union” newspaper March 9, 2006. This is some of what was in the article. 

“Oleg Cassini, who designed dresses that helped make Jacqueline Kennedy the most glamorous first Lady in history, died at the age of 92 in 2006 in a Long Island hospital. 

Cassini was born in 1993 in Paris to wealthy, aristocratic Russian parents who were later forced to flee their homeland after the Revolution.  They settled in Italy, their fortune gone but his mother gained some success as a dressmaker and her son eventually decided to go into the fashion business, too. Cassini came to the United States in 1936 and held various design jobs in New York before going to Hollywood and landing a job at Paramount (Studios)in the early 1940’s.  

Cassini said that shortly after John F. Kennedy was elected President of the United States, he persuaded his wife that she should use Cassini as the creator of her total look, rather than one of many designers. The one-time Hollywood costume designer turned couturier had been friendly with the Kennedy family for years. “We are on the threshold of a new American elegance thanks to Mrs. Kennedy’s beauty, naturalness, understatement, exposure and symbolism” Cassini said when his selection was announced. 

Cassini stated that he had created 300 outfits in the less than three years of the Kennedy administration.  “I had to create a persona”, Cassini stated. 

The strategy created a sensation from the beginning.  Jacqueline Kennedy’s Inauguration Day outfit of a fawn-colored wool coat with a sable collar over a matching wool dress and a pillbox hat, launched millions of copy-cat outfits.”  

Oleg Cassini and his second wife, Gene Tierney, lived in Junction City during World War II for about 18 months according to Gaylynn Childs, Director of the Geary County Historical Society. The couple maintained a house on Fourth Street and Sunset Drive while Cassini was stationed at Fort Riley.

Childs also said Gene Tierney went on to write an article in a photography magazine about her time in Junction City as a military wife.  In the magazine Tierney told about how she decorated the house and spent time with other military wives at the Junction City swimming pool.”

“Ward Chapel AME Church In Junction City - 1879 to the Present”

Susan Lloyd Franzen, author of Behind the Façade of Fort Riley’s Hometown: The Inside Story of Junction City, Kansas, also wrote an article in the book Set In Stone titled “Junction City’s Early African American Churches”.  Rina Neal supplied additional information, which is included in this article of “Our Past Is Present”. 

In the article written by Susan Franzen, she wrote about the Ward Chapel AME or African Methodist Episcopal Church, which was pastored by Reverend Alvin Haskin in May of 1879. “The first chapel was a wood framed building at what is now 902 North Jefferson Street.  There was a coal stove in the center of the church to provide heat.  At first the worshippers had a small pump organ.  As the congregation grew, they acquired a piano.  

Shortly after, a small five room house west of the church was purchased to be used as the parsonage.  It was located at 208 West 9th Street. 

The women of the church were active in supporting the church.  They sold dinners for 35 cents and soda pop for 5 cents a bottle at every gathering or celebration.  The “Windows Mite Missionary Ladies” whose name was later changed to the “Arry Williams Missionary Society” met on Wednesday afternoons. During the winter months they quilted.  In the Spring the ladies held a dinner, a bazaar and sold their quilts. 

In the late 1920’s, the church was remodeled to include a balcony.  Improvements were made in the 1930’s and again in the ‘40’s.” 

Rina Neal shared information which included additional historic information from a document titled “Ward Chapel’s Church History. “In 1966, the property north of the church was acquired and designated as the parsonage.  It was sold in 2006. 

In 1996, property at 1711 North Jefferson Street was acquired with the possible intention of building a new church there.  In 1998, the property at 216 West 9th Street was purchased to be used as the church annex. It was sold in 2006.  

Construction at the 1711 North Jefferson Street site began in May of 2002 and was and was completed in November. The Ward Chapel AME Church is currently at that address in Junction City. Since occupying the new church, the building located at 902 North Jefferson Street has been rented and serves as a house of worship for other congregations.   

In 2008, Ward Chapel AME Church welcomed their first female pastor, the Reverend Viola Wilks Jones.  In October of 2016, the church received Reverend Andrew Rollins as their pastor.” 

Learn more about Geary County History by visiting our Museum at the corner of Sixth and Adams Streets in Junction City.  The Museum is open Tuesdays through Saturdays between 1 and 4:00 PM.  Admission is free. 

Did You Know This About Geary County History?”By Dr. Ferrell Miller Geary County Historical Society Board Member“Jacqueline Kennedy’s Dress Designer Once Lived In Junction City” <figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1580483653888.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Polly Anderson, an Associated Press writer, wrote an article about Oleg Cassini, which was reprinted in the “Junction City Union” newspaper March 9, 2006. This is some of what was in the article. “Oleg Cassini, who designed dresses that helped make Jacqueline Kennedy the most glamorous first Lady in history, died at the age of 92 in 2006 in a Long Island hospital. Cassini was born in 1993 in Paris to wealthy, aristocratic Russian parents who were later forced to flee their homeland after the Revolution. They settled in Italy, their fortune gone but his mother gained some success as a dressmaker and her son eventually decided to go into the fashion business, too. Cassini came to the United States in 1936 and held various design jobs in New York before going to Hollywood and landing a job at Paramount (Studios)in the early 1940’s. Cassini said that shortly after John F. Kennedy was elected President of the United States, he persuaded his wife that she should use Cassini as the creator of her total look, rather than one of many designers. The one-time Hollywood costume designer turned couturier had been friendly with the Kennedy family for years. “We are on the threshold of a new American elegance thanks to Mrs. Kennedy’s beauty, naturalness, understatement, exposure and symbolism” Cassini said when his selection was announced. Cassini stated that he had created 300 outfits in the less than three years of the Kennedy administration. “I had to create a persona”, Cassini stated. The strategy created a sensation from the beginning. Jacqueline Kennedy’s Inauguration Day outfit of a fawn-colored wool coat with a sable collar over a matching wool dress and a pillbox hat, launched millions of copy-cat outfits.” Oleg Cassini and his second wife, Gene Tierney, lived in Junction City during World War II for about 18 months according to Gaylynn Childs, Director of the Geary County Historical Society. The couple maintained a house on Fourth Street and Sunset Drive while Cassini was stationed at Fort Riley.Childs also said Gene Tierney went on to write an article in a photography magazine about her time in Junction City as a military wife. In the magazine Tierney told about how she decorated the house and spent time with other military wives at the Junction City swimming pool.”“Ward Chapel AME Church In Junction City - 1879 to the Present”Susan Lloyd Franzen, author of Behind the Façade of Fort Riley’s Hometown: The Inside Story of Junction City, Kansas, also wrote an article in the book Set In Stone titled “Junction City’s Early African American Churches”. Rina Neal supplied additional information, which is included in this article of “Our Past Is Present”. In the article written by Susan Franzen, she wrote about the Ward Chapel AME or African Methodist Episcopal Church, which was pastored by Reverend Alvin Haskin in May of 1879. “The first chapel was a wood framed building at what is now 902 North Jefferson Street. There was a coal stove in the center of the church to provide heat. At first the worshippers had a small pump organ. As the congregation grew, they acquired a piano. Shortly after, a small five room house west of the church was purchased to be used as the parsonage. It was located at 208 West 9th Street. The women of the church were active in supporting the church. They sold dinners for 35 cents and soda pop for 5 cents a bottle at every gathering or celebration. The “Windows Mite Missionary Ladies” whose name was later changed to the “Arry Williams Missionary Society” met on Wednesday afternoons. During the winter months they quilted. In the Spring the ladies held a dinner, a bazaar and sold their quilts. In the late 1920’s, the church was remodeled to include a balcony. Improvements were made in the 1930’s and again in the ‘40’s.” Rina Neal shared information which included additional historic information from a document titled “Ward Chapel’s Church History. “In 1966, the property north of the church was acquired and designated as the parsonage. It was sold in 2006. In 1996, property at 1711 North Jefferson Street was acquired with the possible intention of building a new church there. In 1998, the property at 216 West 9th Street was purchased to be used as the church annex. It was sold in 2006. Construction at the 1711 North Jefferson Street site began in May of 2002 and was and was completed in November. The Ward Chapel AME Church is currently at that address in Junction City. Since occupying the new church, the building located at 902 North Jefferson Street has been rented and serves as a house of worship for other congregations. In 2008, Ward Chapel AME Church welcomed their first female pastor, the Reverend Viola Wilks Jones. In October of 2016, the church received Reverend Andrew Rollins as their pastor.” Learn more about Geary County History by visiting our Museum at the corner of Sixth and Adams Streets in Junction City. The Museum is open Tuesdays through Saturdays between 1 and 4:00 PM. Admission is free.

Did You Know This About Geary County History?

Geary County Historical Society Board Member 

Today’s story is about the house on the corner of Fifth and Adams Streets. The information is taken from an article written by Eric Stahl, a Geary County Historical Society Board member.    

“The house, located at 301 West Fifth Street, is a grand old Victorian house nicknamed “The Painted Lady” because the color scheme is appropriate for a Victorian “painted lady”.   The lot on which the house currently stands was the original site of the First Congregational Church. 

The Congregational Church was completed in January of 1869.  By 1909, the church membership was only about 25 persons and the building was in need of upgrades.  The Congregational Church Society of New York sold the property to Thomas B. Kennedy, who in turn sold the church building to the Trustees of the First Christian Church of Junction City.  They had the building moved off the lot. 	

Thomas Kennedy had his Victorian house built on the property.  Kennedy moved to Junction City with his parents, Dr. and Mrs. Maxwell Kennedy.  After working for the Rockwell Merchandise and Grain business, Thomas started his own bank with his cousin, M. C. Kennedy and later that bank consolidated with the First National Bank.  Thomas Kennedy was the President of First National Bank for over 25 years. 

Following Thomas Kennedy’s death the property was deeded to Mary I. Green in 1932.  In 1943, Miss Green deeded the same property to Mrs. Rose Darcy and Claire Dickman for $7,500.  Claire Dickman opened Claire’s Dress Shop in the Steadman building in the 700 block of North Washington.  While Claire owned the home, her sisters Nell and Rose lived with her.  The house was divided into three apartments and each sister had her own floor.  Walls were added for separate entrances and each floor had a kitchen.  After Claire’s death the house changed hands twice and was eventually restored to a one family residence again.”

The house was recently sold by Jan and Curtis Gray.&nbsp; A 1914 Pennell photo shows the Kennedy house.&nbsp; This photo may be seen on page 207 and 208 of the book Set In Stone, which we have for sale at our Museum.

“Locations Of Some Businesses Then And Now”

Today’s format different than the usual.  Instead of sharing a story about Geary County history, this article is being provided to “stir” your memories about businesses in our town in 1953, where they were located and the identification of  the business which is now at that location.   This comes from a list which was created by J. Howard Shellhaas and Myron Coryell.   Their research included the name of the original business and then what that business was in 1953. 

*The Horseshoe Saloon was operated from the early 1870’s until 1906. The Horseshoe Saloon is pictured in the opening of the tv series “Cheers”.   In 1953 it was the Firestone Store at 805 N. Washington Street.  The Firestone Store changed locations and is now at 128 W. Eighth Street. 

*The J.F. Meeder Blacksmith Shop was the Bob Steele Filling Station in 1953 at the corner of Eighth and Jefferson Streets.  The Cox Solution Store is now located at 140 W. Eighth Street.

*The Boller residence, which was built in 1875 at what was the location of the Elk’s Club in 1953. The location was at 505 N. Washington Street. The Elk’s Club is now at 723 S. Washington Street.

*The Farmer’s Home was a restaurant in 1873, but in 1953 it was the Pennell Building at 801 N. Washington Street. It later became the Gamble’s Department Store and is now the location of the 8th Judicial District, Victim Assistance Coordinator and other offices.

*The Hall and Porter Drug Store was built in 1870, but later became a saloon and then later yet was the Blattner and Glick Jewelry Store.  In 1953 it was the Lancaster Grocery Store. Bob’s Coffee Shop is now at that location.

Perhaps these have “stirred” your memory and your interest in learning more about previous and current businesses in Junction City.  We have a free “Walking Tour” Guide at our museum, which has 41 businesses identified in our historic downtown area.  Stop by and pick up a copy – take a walk – and create new memories.  The Geary County Historical Museum is located at the corner of Sixth and Adams Streets and is open between 1 and 4 in the afternoon Tuesdays through Saturday. 

Did You Know This About Geary County History?By Dr. Ferrell MillerGeary County Historical Society Board Member “The Painted Lady” Today’s story is about the house on the corner of Fifth and Adams Streets. The information is taken from an article written by Eric Stahl, a Geary County Historical Society Board member. “The house, located at 301 West Fifth Street, is a grand old Victorian house nicknamed “The Painted Lady” because the color scheme is appropriate for a Victorian “painted lady”. The lot on which the house currently stands was the original site of the First Congregational Church. The Congregational Church was completed in January of 1869. By 1909, the church membership was only about 25 persons and the building was in need of upgrades. The Congregational Church Society of New York sold the property to Thomas B. Kennedy, who in turn sold the church building to the Trustees of the First Christian Church of Junction City. They had the building moved off the lot. 	Thomas Kennedy had his Victorian house built on the property. Kennedy moved to Junction City with his parents, Dr. and Mrs. Maxwell Kennedy. After working for the Rockwell Merchandise and Grain business, Thomas started his own bank with his cousin, M. C. Kennedy and later that bank consolidated with the First National Bank. Thomas Kennedy was the President of First National Bank for over 25 years. Following Thomas Kennedy’s death the property was deeded to Mary I. Green in 1932. In 1943, Miss Green deeded the same property to Mrs. Rose Darcy and Claire Dickman for $7,500. Claire Dickman opened Claire’s Dress Shop in the Steadman building in the 700 block of North Washington. While Claire owned the home, her sisters Nell and Rose lived with her. The house was divided into three apartments and each sister had her own floor. Walls were added for separate entrances and each floor had a kitchen. After Claire’s death the house changed hands twice and was eventually restored to a one family residence again.”The house was recently sold by Jan and Curtis Gray.&nbsp; A 1914 Pennell photo shows the Kennedy house.&nbsp; This photo may be seen on page 207 and 208 of the book Set In Stone, which we have for sale at our Museum.“Locations Of Some Businesses Then And Now”Today’s format different than the usual. Instead of sharing a story about Geary County history, this article is being provided to “stir” your memories about businesses in our town in 1953, where they were located and the identification of the business which is now at that location. This comes from a list which was created by J. Howard Shellhaas and Myron Coryell. Their research included the name of the original business and then what that business was in 1953. *The Horseshoe Saloon was operated from the early 1870’s until 1906. The Horseshoe Saloon is pictured in the opening of the tv series “Cheers”. In 1953 it was the Firestone Store at 805 N. Washington Street. The Firestone Store changed locations and is now at 128 W. Eighth Street. *The J.F. Meeder Blacksmith Shop was the Bob Steele Filling Station in 1953 at the corner of Eighth and Jefferson Streets. The Cox Solution Store is now located at 140 W. Eighth Street.*The Boller residence, which was built in 1875 at what was the location of the Elk’s Club in 1953. The location was at 505 N. Washington Street. The Elk’s Club is now at 723 S. Washington Street.*The Farmer’s Home was a restaurant in 1873, but in 1953 it was the Pennell Building at 801 N. Washington Street. It later became the Gamble’s Department Store and is now the location of the 8th Judicial District, Victim Assistance Coordinator and other offices.*The Hall and Porter Drug Store was built in 1870, but later became a saloon and then later yet was the Blattner and Glick Jewelry Store. In 1953 it was the Lancaster Grocery Store. Bob’s Coffee Shop is now at that location.Perhaps these have “stirred” your memory and your interest in learning more about previous and current businesses in Junction City. We have a free “Walking Tour” Guide at our museum, which has 41 businesses identified in our historic downtown area. Stop by and pick up a copy – take a walk – and create new memories. The Geary County Historical Museum is located at the corner of Sixth and Adams Streets and is open between 1 and 4 in the afternoon Tuesdays through Saturday.

"Recollections of An Early Geary County Settler"

Leona Garrison, long-time volunteer in the Research Center at the Geary County Museum, shared an article that was written in the March 8, 1934 “Junction City Republic” newspaper.&nbsp; The article was taken from words written by W.H. Mackey about some of the recollections of an early settler, who was identified in the article only as Mrs. McFarland. This copy is printed as it was written.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Mrs. McFarland stated that “Our family located in Junction City either in 1861 or 1862.&nbsp; Not to exceed a dozen houses graced the town.  The only substantial building in the town was the Henry Ganz store, a two-story stone building located on the southeast corner of what is now the Bartell House Block.&nbsp; This building was well built, heavy doors, windows heavily shuttered, all this to withstand Indian attacks. Father and a man named Woodward built two small frame houses west of where T.B. Kennedy now lives.  Father’s was on the ground where Miss Wingfield now lives and Woodward built on lots just east.&nbsp; The balance of the buildings were scattered promiscuously.&nbsp;

The inhabitants chief worry was wild Indians attacking them.&nbsp; At times a hunting party would go out in the vicinity of Solomon City and return with a load of buffalo meat.&nbsp; Two bands of friendly Indians came in from the southeast passing on west on a buffalo hunt.  Their number was estimated from three to five thousand – not a very close estimate, I admit, but they were all day passing and their route was close to our house.&nbsp; There was a house where the Ladies Reading Club now stands.  The Indians route was between that house and our house.  They were all day in passing.  It was a well know custom that Indians did not travel at night unless something extraordinary is on.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Two or three weeks later the inhabitants were aroused by a crier at night that the wild Indians would attack us.&nbsp; Arrangements had been perfected to rendezvous at the Henry Ganz store where guns and ammunition were stored.  Father and mother were partly dressed and carried the rest of their clothes.&nbsp; Father took me in his arms and mother with sister Ellen in her arms rushed to the Ganz store.  All the inhabitants women and children were housed.&nbsp;

It was the most hideous night I have ever heard.&nbsp; Indians’ war hoop, tom-toms beating and ponies squealing.&nbsp; We expected to be into a band of Cheyennes, their enemies, whom they whipped and scalped and coming back for a war dance, went down east of town on the Smoky Hill River and were there for about two weeks.&nbsp; All this hulabloo at nine or ten o’clock at night under those conditions was never to be forgotten.  In those days all the east and west traffic passed by the McFarland residence west of the city.  The Indians were at McFarland’s when they began celebrating.”&nbsp; - W.H. Mackey

“A Brief Timeline of Junction City High School Buildings”

Above ground structure for the new Junction City High School can now be seen at the building’s site west of town on K-18.&nbsp; There have been several building sites for Junction City High School in the past.   We thought our readers would be interested in the historical timeline of those buildings.

The original Junction City High School was opened in 1873.&nbsp; It was called the McKinley building, which was located at West Ninth and Madison Streets and no longer stands. The building was used as the town’s first high school for 39 years until 1904 until enrollment became too large.&nbsp;

&nbsp;In 1918, a building was constructed to house a junior high school.&nbsp; That building was located at West Ninth and Adams Streets.  This information is significant to this timeline and what was to happen at that site in 1929.&nbsp; The Karnes Building currently is at that location and now houses the Boys and Girls Club; the  Seventh and Eighth Grade Magnet Program; Parents As Teachers and Innovation Programs for USD 475.&nbsp;

A new high school was built at Sixth and Adams, which is now the Geary County Historical Society’s Museum.&nbsp; The building was used for 25 years until the student population grew again and a new high school was once again built in 1929.

&nbsp;An addition was added to the junior high school on Ninth Street and both junior and senior high school students attended at that site until 1958 during a 29 year period of time. The old building on Ninth Street had been designed for 900 students and there were 1,300 enrolled.

For the fourth time in 85 years, a new high school was built.&nbsp; The reason given was due to overcrowded classrooms. The new school was located on Eisenhower Street, where the current Junction City High School is and it included grades 9 through 12.&nbsp;&nbsp;

And… 60 plus years later, our community is preparing a “New JCHS”.&nbsp; Planning, designing and construction  are currently being worked on by many people to create a building to meet the needs of students in the 21st century with a goal of opening in 2021. 



Did You Know This About Geary County History?By Dr. Ferrell Miller	Geary County Historical Society Board Member"Recollections of An Early Geary County Settler"Leona Garrison, long-time volunteer in the Research Center at the Geary County Museum, shared an article that was written in the March 8, 1934 “Junction City Republic” newspaper.&nbsp; The article was taken from words written by W.H. Mackey about some of the recollections of an early settler, who was identified in the article only as Mrs. McFarland. This copy is printed as it was written.&nbsp;&nbsp;Mrs. McFarland stated that “Our family located in Junction City either in 1861 or 1862.&nbsp; Not to exceed a dozen houses graced the town. The only substantial building in the town was the Henry Ganz store, a two-story stone building located on the southeast corner of what is now the Bartell House Block.&nbsp; This building was well built, heavy doors, windows heavily shuttered, all this to withstand Indian attacks. Father and a man named Woodward built two small frame houses west of where T.B. Kennedy now lives. Father’s was on the ground where Miss Wingfield now lives and Woodward built on lots just east.&nbsp; The balance of the buildings were scattered promiscuously.&nbsp;The inhabitants chief worry was wild Indians attacking them.&nbsp; At times a hunting party would go out in the vicinity of Solomon City and return with a load of buffalo meat.&nbsp; Two bands of friendly Indians came in from the southeast passing on west on a buffalo hunt. Their number was estimated from three to five thousand – not a very close estimate, I admit, but they were all day passing and their route was close to our house.&nbsp; There was a house where the Ladies Reading Club now stands. The Indians route was between that house and our house. They were all day in passing. It was a well know custom that Indians did not travel at night unless something extraordinary is on.&nbsp;&nbsp;Two or three weeks later the inhabitants were aroused by a crier at night that the wild Indians would attack us.&nbsp; Arrangements had been perfected to rendezvous at the Henry Ganz store where guns and ammunition were stored. Father and mother were partly dressed and carried the rest of their clothes.&nbsp; Father took me in his arms and mother with sister Ellen in her arms rushed to the Ganz store. All the inhabitants women and children were housed.&nbsp;It was the most hideous night I have ever heard.&nbsp; Indians’ war hoop, tom-toms beating and ponies squealing.&nbsp; We expected to be into a band of Cheyennes, their enemies, whom they whipped and scalped and coming back for a war dance, went down east of town on the Smoky Hill River and were there for about two weeks.&nbsp; All this hulabloo at nine or ten o’clock at night under those conditions was never to be forgotten. In those days all the east and west traffic passed by the McFarland residence west of the city. The Indians were at McFarland’s when they began celebrating.”&nbsp; - W.H. Mackey“A Brief Timeline of Junction City High School Buildings”Above ground structure for the new Junction City High School can now be seen at the building’s site west of town on K-18.&nbsp; There have been several building sites for Junction City High School in the past. We thought our readers would be interested in the historical timeline of those buildings.The original Junction City High School was opened in 1873.&nbsp; It was called the McKinley building, which was located at West Ninth and Madison Streets and no longer stands. The building was used as the town’s first high school for 39 years until 1904 until enrollment became too large.&nbsp;&nbsp;In 1918, a building was constructed to house a junior high school.&nbsp; That building was located at West Ninth and Adams Streets. This information is significant to this timeline and what was to happen at that site in 1929.&nbsp; The Karnes Building currently is at that location and now houses the Boys and Girls Club; the Seventh and Eighth Grade Magnet Program; Parents As Teachers and Innovation Programs for USD 475.&nbsp;A new high school was built at Sixth and Adams, which is now the Geary County Historical Society’s Museum.&nbsp; The building was used for 25 years until the student population grew again and a new high school was once again built in 1929.&nbsp;An addition was added to the junior high school on Ninth Street and both junior and senior high school students attended at that site until 1958 during a 29 year period of time. The old building on Ninth Street had been designed for 900 students and there were 1,300 enrolled.For the fourth time in 85 years, a new high school was built.&nbsp; The reason given was due to overcrowded classrooms. The new school was located on Eisenhower Street, where the current Junction City High School is and it included grades 9 through 12.&nbsp;&nbsp;And… 60 plus years later, our community is preparing a “New JCHS”.&nbsp; Planning, designing and construction are currently being worked on by many people to create a building to meet the needs of students in the 21st century with a goal of opening in 2021.

“Some Businesses Located In Junction City In 1953”

Today’s article is a reflection on some of the 1953 business in Junction City, which will include&nbsp; products sold, costs of items and even phone numbers.  We do not recommend you try to call them, however. &nbsp; See if there are some you remember or have heard others talk about from the past.&nbsp;

The “Daily Union” newspaper sold subscriptions for 25 cents a week.&nbsp;

Crocker Motor Company was located at 117-119 West 8th Street.&nbsp; Their phone number was 1364 and they sold Dodge and Plymouth cars.

Waters Appliance Store was located at 111 West 8th Street.&nbsp; The phone number was 32.&nbsp; They sold 7.2 cubic foot Frigidaire refrigerators with a five year protection plan.&nbsp; The refrigerators came with a blue and gold interior and  were built by General Motors.&nbsp; The refrigerators could be purchased for $209.95 with $21.00 down.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The Bramlage Service Station, located at 9th and Washington Streets, sold B.F. Goodrich tires in addition to gasoline, other automotive products and services.&nbsp;

The New Sweden Hot Dining Room was located at 1509 Washington Street.&nbsp; They only took reservations.  The phone number was 826.  Pan fried chicken, country gravy, creamed corn, mashed potatoes, cole slaw, cottage cheese and desserts in family style were served at the restaurant.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This is a similar menu to that found at the Brookville Hotel in Abilene.&nbsp;

Well, perhaps that was a trip down memory lane for some of you. If you have memories of other businesses, our staff would like to hear about them.&nbsp; Stop by our Museum at the corner of Sixth and Adams Streets anytime between 1 and 4 in the afternoon any day Tuesdays through Saturdays and share your stories.&nbsp;&nbsp;

“Descriptions of Winter Events In 1881 and 1915”

In January of 1881, the Junction City had received the first snow of the season.&nbsp; During that month, a young man by the name of Elisha Edward of Lyon’s Creek brought to town the stuffed skin of a thirty-four pound wildcat, which was caught in a steel trap.&nbsp; It was the largest cat ever seen in&nbsp;the region.&nbsp;

On January 15, 1915, a heavy snowstorm began after midnight in central Kansas and&nbsp;continued until just after 3:00 PM the next day.&nbsp; Twelve inches of snow fell in Junction City and&nbsp;fourteen inches in Manhattan.&nbsp; A strong wind caused the snow to badly drift.&nbsp; In some places&nbsp;it was piled to a depth of several feet.&nbsp; A snowplow and several men with shovels were&nbsp;necessary to keep the streetcar line open and the Union Pacific resorted to the use of snow&nbsp;plows all along the tracks.&nbsp; As expected, most of the trains were running late.&nbsp; A cold wind was&nbsp;forecast for the night bringing in lower temperatures.&nbsp;&nbsp;

We have experienced some cold temperatures and some areas had an accumulation of nine inches of snow during a snow event this winter.&nbsp; Our county highway crews do an amazing job treating and cleaning the roads to make it possible for safe travel. It is still winter and this is still Kansas. Quick changes in the weather can cause hazardous conditions. Be safe!!!

Visiting our Museum is a good way to spend some time during cold wintery days.&nbsp; Our Museum is located at the corner of Sixth and Adams Streets in Junction City.&nbsp; The friendly staff and a host will greet you between the hours of 1 and 4 Tuesdays through Saturdays.&nbsp; Come buy and learn more about your Geary County history.  Admission is free!!!

Did You Know This About Geary County History?By Dr. Ferrell MillerGeary County Historical Society Board Member“Some Businesses Located In Junction City In 1953”Today’s article is a reflection on some of the 1953 business in Junction City, which will include&nbsp; products sold, costs of items and even phone numbers. We do not recommend you try to call them, however. &nbsp; See if there are some you remember or have heard others talk about from the past.&nbsp;The “Daily Union” newspaper sold subscriptions for 25 cents a week.&nbsp;Crocker Motor Company was located at 117-119 West 8th Street.&nbsp; Their phone number was 1364 and they sold Dodge and Plymouth cars.Waters Appliance Store was located at 111 West 8th Street.&nbsp; The phone number was 32.&nbsp; They sold 7.2 cubic foot Frigidaire refrigerators with a five year protection plan.&nbsp; The refrigerators came with a blue and gold interior and were built by General Motors.&nbsp; The refrigerators could be purchased for $209.95 with $21.00 down.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Bramlage Service Station, located at 9th and Washington Streets, sold B.F. Goodrich tires in addition to gasoline, other automotive products and services.&nbsp;The New Sweden Hot Dining Room was located at 1509 Washington Street.&nbsp; They only took reservations. The phone number was 826. Pan fried chicken, country gravy, creamed corn, mashed potatoes, cole slaw, cottage cheese and desserts in family style were served at the restaurant.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This is a similar menu to that found at the Brookville Hotel in Abilene.&nbsp;Well, perhaps that was a trip down memory lane for some of you. If you have memories of other businesses, our staff would like to hear about them.&nbsp; Stop by our Museum at the corner of Sixth and Adams Streets anytime between 1 and 4 in the afternoon any day Tuesdays through Saturdays and share your stories.&nbsp;&nbsp;“Descriptions of Winter Events In 1881 and 1915”In January of 1881, the Junction City had received the first snow of the season.&nbsp; During that month, a young man by the name of Elisha Edward of Lyon’s Creek brought to town the stuffed skin of a thirty-four pound wildcat, which was caught in a steel trap.&nbsp; It was the largest cat ever seen in&nbsp;the region.&nbsp;On January 15, 1915, a heavy snowstorm began after midnight in central Kansas and&nbsp;continued until just after 3:00 PM the next day.&nbsp; Twelve inches of snow fell in Junction City and&nbsp;fourteen inches in Manhattan.&nbsp; A strong wind caused the snow to badly drift.&nbsp; In some places&nbsp;it was piled to a depth of several feet.&nbsp; A snowplow and several men with shovels were&nbsp;necessary to keep the streetcar line open and the Union Pacific resorted to the use of snow&nbsp;plows all along the tracks.&nbsp; As expected, most of the trains were running late.&nbsp; A cold wind was&nbsp;forecast for the night bringing in lower temperatures.&nbsp;&nbsp;We have experienced some cold temperatures and some areas had an accumulation of nine inches of snow during a snow event this winter.&nbsp; Our county highway crews do an amazing job treating and cleaning the roads to make it possible for safe travel. It is still winter and this is still Kansas. Quick changes in the weather can cause hazardous conditions. Be safe!!!Visiting our Museum is a good way to spend some time during cold wintery days.&nbsp; Our Museum is located at the corner of Sixth and Adams Streets in Junction City.&nbsp; The friendly staff and a host will greet you between the hours of 1 and 4 Tuesdays through Saturdays.&nbsp; Come buy and learn more about your Geary County history. Admission is free!!!

“Walter Starcke – Jewelry Store Owner and More”

Walter Starcke, who owned a jewelry store at 705 North Washington Street in Junction City.&nbsp; (MBros. Rental is now located at that address.) It was reported in 1910 that the store was a notable example of what could be accomplished by a thorough knowledge of a business and by using honorable business methods.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Walter Starcke’s store was the oldest jewelry store in Junction City at that time, having been established in 1870 by Andrew Vogler, a German immigrant.&nbsp; Andrew Vogler was Walter Starcke’s uncle.&nbsp;

Walter came to Junction City in 1885 and began work in the jewelry business with his uncle as apprentice when Walter was only 13 years old. As an adult and under Walter’s management, there was a large and assorted stock in the store that included a line of clocks, watches, china, diamonds and other precious stones.&nbsp; A complete line of Fort Riley souvenirs was also carried, which included sterling silver spoons, cups and books.  Prices were moderate,   service was prompt and courteous and skilled and experienced workmen carried out repairs.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Walter Starcke was also an optometrist.&nbsp; So, he not only sold jewelry, but also had a completely equipped department for examining eyes and fitting glasses for his customer.&nbsp; For 43 years, Walter was assigned the task of tending to the tower clock at the Opera House. He was originally paid $15.00 per year until 1927, when he received an increase to $52.00 per year.&nbsp;

Walter and his wife, Eunice, lived at 306 W. Fifth Street in Junction City.&nbsp; The house is currently decorated with vintage household goods and furniture.  The Starcke house is now owned by our Historical Society. Please contact our staff at the Museum by calling 238-1666 for an appointment to visit this historic house.&nbsp;&nbsp;

“The Mystery of the Wooden Staircase In The Old High School”

Today’s story comes from an article published in the local newspaper written by Gaylynn Childs, retired Geary County Historical Society Executive Director.&nbsp; The title of the article was: “Date When Wooden Staircase Removed A Mystery”.&nbsp;

Gaylynn wrote that “In the city’s high school which was built in 1903 (and is now our Museum at the corner of Sixth and Adams Streets in Junction City) there was an elegant double staircase inside the main entrance.&nbsp; These wooden stairs funneled students to and from an open hall on the second floor and all the way down to the restrooms in the basement.  Carved and polished banisters and railings bordered the double sets of open stairs and landings form the second floor to the main level.&nbsp; Sometime after the last high school class graduated in 1929, this staircase was removed and replaced with the present cement stairwell, which runs through what was originally classroom area in the building’s north end.  Apparently, this change coincided with the outlawing of wooden stairs in public schools.&nbsp;&nbsp;

During the demolition, which took place to facilitate the restroom construction, the workers discovered a two by four stud back under the stairway which bore an inscription scrawled in 1929 by Bushboom Brothers Contractors.&nbsp; The words in the inscription were: “Work done by Huff Brothers Carpenters.” However, there was still no clear evidence of when the staircase had been removed.&nbsp;

People who may have remembered the staircase from having gone to school or worked there were contacted.&nbsp; Bob and Betty Waters were two who attended school there and remembered the staircase.  Doris Paulson, who worked as the school district secretary and graduated from the high school in 1929, remembered it and… there were many others.&nbsp; However, no one seems to remember when it was removed.&nbsp;&nbsp;

So… the mystery remains.&nbsp; If you have any recollection about this staircase and can solve our mystery, please contact the staff at 238-1666.

Did You Know This About Geary County History?By Dr. Ferrell Miller	Geary County Historical Society Board Member“Walter Starcke – Jewelry Store Owner and More”Walter Starcke, who owned a jewelry store at 705 North Washington Street in Junction City.&nbsp; (MBros. Rental is now located at that address.) It was reported in 1910 that the store was a notable example of what could be accomplished by a thorough knowledge of a business and by using honorable business methods.&nbsp;&nbsp;Walter Starcke’s store was the oldest jewelry store in Junction City at that time, having been established in 1870 by Andrew Vogler, a German immigrant.&nbsp; Andrew Vogler was Walter Starcke’s uncle.&nbsp;Walter came to Junction City in 1885 and began work in the jewelry business with his uncle as apprentice when Walter was only 13 years old. As an adult and under Walter’s management, there was a large and assorted stock in the store that included a line of clocks, watches, china, diamonds and other precious stones.&nbsp; A complete line of Fort Riley souvenirs was also carried, which included sterling silver spoons, cups and books. Prices were moderate, service was prompt and courteous and skilled and experienced workmen carried out repairs.&nbsp;&nbsp;Walter Starcke was also an optometrist.&nbsp; So, he not only sold jewelry, but also had a completely equipped department for examining eyes and fitting glasses for his customer.&nbsp; For 43 years, Walter was assigned the task of tending to the tower clock at the Opera House. He was originally paid $15.00 per year until 1927, when he received an increase to $52.00 per year.&nbsp;Walter and his wife, Eunice, lived at 306 W. Fifth Street in Junction City.&nbsp; The house is currently decorated with vintage household goods and furniture. The Starcke house is now owned by our Historical Society. Please contact our staff at the Museum by calling 238-1666 for an appointment to visit this historic house.&nbsp;&nbsp;“The Mystery of the Wooden Staircase In The Old High School”Today’s story comes from an article published in the local newspaper written by Gaylynn Childs, retired Geary County Historical Society Executive Director.&nbsp; The title of the article was: “Date When Wooden Staircase Removed A Mystery”.&nbsp;Gaylynn wrote that “In the city’s high school which was built in 1903 (and is now our Museum at the corner of Sixth and Adams Streets in Junction City) there was an elegant double staircase inside the main entrance.&nbsp; These wooden stairs funneled students to and from an open hall on the second floor and all the way down to the restrooms in the basement. Carved and polished banisters and railings bordered the double sets of open stairs and landings form the second floor to the main level.&nbsp; Sometime after the last high school class graduated in 1929, this staircase was removed and replaced with the present cement stairwell, which runs through what was originally classroom area in the building’s north end. Apparently, this change coincided with the outlawing of wooden stairs in public schools.&nbsp;&nbsp;During the demolition, which took place to facilitate the restroom construction, the workers discovered a two by four stud back under the stairway which bore an inscription scrawled in 1929 by Bushboom Brothers Contractors.&nbsp; The words in the inscription were: “Work done by Huff Brothers Carpenters.” However, there was still no clear evidence of when the staircase had been removed.&nbsp;People who may have remembered the staircase from having gone to school or worked there were contacted.&nbsp; Bob and Betty Waters were two who attended school there and remembered the staircase. Doris Paulson, who worked as the school district secretary and graduated from the high school in 1929, remembered it and… there were many others.&nbsp; However, no one seems to remember when it was removed.&nbsp;&nbsp;So… the mystery remains.&nbsp; If you have any recollection about this staircase and can solve our mystery, please contact the staff at 238-1666.

“A Huge Fire In Junction City - January of 1911”

The Peques-Wright Store first opened in Junction City in 1906.&nbsp; In January of 1911, there was a huge fire at that store which was located on Washington Street.&nbsp; Fifty thousand dollars in damage was done to merchandise and the building, which temporarily put them out of business.&nbsp;

Two months later – in March – they were ready to open again.&nbsp; Where a mass of ruins had lain 40 days previous, there now stood a restored building with an unsurpassed stock of goods and attractive young ladies to look after the needs of the patrons.&nbsp;

The Peques-Wright Store was always equipped with the newest in fixtures.&nbsp; Their supplies and equipment were a resource for others across the state who were building or remodeling their own store.&nbsp;&nbsp;

At the time of the fire, it seemed impossible to restore the former building, but when&nbsp;the doors were thrown open to the public after the fire restoration, the visitors were amazed at the work done and the new stock that was added.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The Sixth Field Artillery Orchestra from Fort Riley played during the entire afternoon of the store’s re-opening.&nbsp; The whole store was said to be aglow with desirable merchandise, which was better than in the previous store.  The loss sustained by the fire was sure to be quickly forgotten.&nbsp;&nbsp;

“More Than 100 Years Of Motion Pictures In Junction City”

	Today’s story comes from an article written by our Programs and Education Director at the Geary County Historical Society, Jennifer Dixon. The article was titled “More Than 100 Years of Moving Pictures in Junction City”.&nbsp; Jennifer wrote:  There is a long history of moving pictures in Junction City beginning in 1907 at the Lyric Theater.  One of the first of its kind, the theater was owned by Ira Bermant and was located at 603 N. Washington Street.&nbsp; Admission was five cents.&nbsp;&nbsp;

	The Aurora Theater was also on North Washington Street and was also established in 1907.&nbsp; It seated 400 people.  The Columbia Theater was established in 1917 at 925 N. Washington Street.&nbsp; Unfortunately, the Columbia Theater burned down after World War I. In 1918, J.A. Howe opened The Cozy Theater on N. Washington Street after delays from the influenza epidemic.

In 1928, The Uptown Theatre debuted the silent feature “Four Walls” to a crowd of 800 people. The Uptown later became known as the Dickinson and in 1939 the name was changed again to The Junction Theater.&nbsp;&nbsp;

	During the Depression in 1934, The Kaw Theater opened at 907 N. Washington Street.&nbsp; Two of the most popular features were “Gone With The Wind” and “The Wizard of Oz”.&nbsp;&nbsp;

In 1946 the Commonwealth Theaters purchased the old Opera House on Seventh and Jefferson Streets. It was called the Colonial Theater. And… who could forget the Midway-Drive on Grant Avenue as another form of watching a movie while sitting in your car.&nbsp;&nbsp;

	Today we have the B&amp;B Gem Theaters on Sixth Street with five theaters in one building.&nbsp; The audience is seated in reclining leather seats, there is a huge screen, surround sound and&nbsp; refreshments, which may include adult beverages.&nbsp;&nbsp;

	Many of us find that once we enter the theater and smell the aroma of that freshly popped corn, it is impossible to resist.&nbsp; Then, of course, we must have a soft drink or something to quench our thirst from the popcorn. A movie on the big screen, popcorn and a soft drink really do go together.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Did You Know This About Geary County History?By Dr. Ferrell MillerGeary County Historical Society Board Member“A Huge Fire In Junction City - January of 1911”The Peques-Wright Store first opened in Junction City in 1906.&nbsp; In January of 1911, there was a huge fire at that store which was located on Washington Street.&nbsp; Fifty thousand dollars in damage was done to merchandise and the building, which temporarily put them out of business.&nbsp;Two months later – in March – they were ready to open again.&nbsp; Where a mass of ruins had lain 40 days previous, there now stood a restored building with an unsurpassed stock of goods and attractive young ladies to look after the needs of the patrons.&nbsp;The Peques-Wright Store was always equipped with the newest in fixtures.&nbsp; Their supplies and equipment were a resource for others across the state who were building or remodeling their own store.&nbsp;&nbsp;At the time of the fire, it seemed impossible to restore the former building, but when&nbsp;the doors were thrown open to the public after the fire restoration, the visitors were amazed at the work done and the new stock that was added.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Sixth Field Artillery Orchestra from Fort Riley played during the entire afternoon of the store’s re-opening.&nbsp; The whole store was said to be aglow with desirable merchandise, which was better than in the previous store. The loss sustained by the fire was sure to be quickly forgotten.&nbsp;&nbsp;“More Than 100 Years Of Motion Pictures In Junction City”	Today’s story comes from an article written by our Programs and Education Director at the Geary County Historical Society, Jennifer Dixon. The article was titled “More Than 100 Years of Moving Pictures in Junction City”.&nbsp; Jennifer wrote: There is a long history of moving pictures in Junction City beginning in 1907 at the Lyric Theater. One of the first of its kind, the theater was owned by Ira Bermant and was located at 603 N. Washington Street.&nbsp; Admission was five cents.&nbsp;&nbsp;	The Aurora Theater was also on North Washington Street and was also established in 1907.&nbsp; It seated 400 people. The Columbia Theater was established in 1917 at 925 N. Washington Street.&nbsp; Unfortunately, the Columbia Theater burned down after World War I. In 1918, J.A. Howe opened The Cozy Theater on N. Washington Street after delays from the influenza epidemic.In 1928, The Uptown Theatre debuted the silent feature “Four Walls” to a crowd of 800 people. The Uptown later became known as the Dickinson and in 1939 the name was changed again to The Junction Theater.&nbsp;&nbsp;	During the Depression in 1934, The Kaw Theater opened at 907 N. Washington Street.&nbsp; Two of the most popular features were “Gone With The Wind” and “The Wizard of Oz”.&nbsp;&nbsp;In 1946 the Commonwealth Theaters purchased the old Opera House on Seventh and Jefferson Streets. It was called the Colonial Theater. And… who could forget the Midway-Drive on Grant Avenue as another form of watching a movie while sitting in your car.&nbsp;&nbsp;	Today we have the B&amp;B Gem Theaters on Sixth Street with five theaters in one building.&nbsp; The audience is seated in reclining leather seats, there is a huge screen, surround sound and&nbsp; refreshments, which may include adult beverages.&nbsp;&nbsp;	Many of us find that once we enter the theater and smell the aroma of that freshly popped corn, it is impossible to resist.&nbsp; Then, of course, we must have a soft drink or something to quench our thirst from the popcorn. A movie on the big screen, popcorn and a soft drink really do go together.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

“A Visit To Santa Claus in 1911”

Many of us enjoy watching and listening to children perform carols and other music at school programs or church during this season.&nbsp; That was also true of those who&nbsp;attended a Sunday School play on Christmas Eve in 1911.&nbsp;

The Christmas play, “A Visit To Santa Claus” took place at the Methodist Church in&nbsp;Junction City on December 24, 1911.&nbsp; A large crowd was present to see the children dressed in bright colors and to hear the humorous sayings of Santa Claus.&nbsp; The audience’s laughter was proof they enjoyed themselves.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

The first act was presented by the Sunday School classes.&nbsp; They planned to visit Santa,&nbsp;because his sleigh had broken down and two of his reindeer were lame.&nbsp; There didn’t seem to be a way to help Santa so he could deliver the presents to all the good little girls and boys.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The next scene took place in the home of Santa.&nbsp; The Sunday School group of children arrived to help Santa by placing wheels on Santa’s sleigh.&nbsp; This brought laughter from the little ones in the audience.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The chorus songs, solos, duets and trios showed that a great deal of practice had taken place before the performance.&nbsp; At the close of the play a generous treat was given and all went home happy, feeling the evening’s entertainment was indeed a merry way to enjoy Christmas Eve at the Methodist Church.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The Geary County Historical Society hopes you enjoy this season with your family and friends.&nbsp; May your “every wish comes true.”

A new version of the worthless check game was perpetrated in Junction City in 1915 by a stranger who gave his name as A.J. Wilson. This Mr. Wilson was immaculately dressed, wore a diamond stud and carried a suitcase.&nbsp; While in the Mayden Feed and Coal Store, he ordered two tons of coal to be sent to his home.  He gave his address and wrote a check for a considerable amount and received $17.50 in change.&nbsp;

When the deliveryman delivered the coal he found there was no house at that address and an investigation began.&nbsp; It was found that the check was worthless and the man had taken a streetcar to Manhattan, Kansas.&nbsp;

Sheriff Harbes was notified and caught the next interurban in hot pursuit.&nbsp; This Mr. Wilson, or as he called himself, caught the same car and the sheriff was convinced he had his man.&nbsp; It seems Wilson went to Fort Riley on the first car and not directly to Manhattan as had been earlier thought.&nbsp;

&nbsp;The Sheriff, who had caught Wilson and taken him into custody, got off to catch the next car back to Junction City.&nbsp; As they were going from one car to another, Wilson slipped out of his overcoat and in the darkness dodged behind a building. He jumped two fences and disappeared into the cornfields.&nbsp; His overcoat and grip were brought back to Junction City.  Six pictures of Wilson were found in his grip.  The pictures showed Wilson in a fighting pose, sporting a regulation boxing ring costume.&nbsp; The Sheriff commented that Wilson appeared to be more of a sprinter than a boxer.&nbsp;

The next day’s newspaper reported that Wilson had been captured in Manhattan and taken to a Shawnee County Jail.&nbsp; Wilson had committed identical offenses in Topeka and so was turned over to the authorities there, which saved Junction City about $200 in costs to keep him in jail and prosecute him.

Even today we must remain vigilant to a variety of scammers.&nbsp; Enjoy the holiday season, but also be alert to those who would take advantage for their own personal gain.

By Dr. Ferrell MillerGeary County Historical Society Board Member“A Visit To Santa Claus in 1911”Many of us enjoy watching and listening to children perform carols and other music at school programs or church during this season.&nbsp; That was also true of those who&nbsp;attended a Sunday School play on Christmas Eve in 1911.&nbsp;The Christmas play, “A Visit To Santa Claus” took place at the Methodist Church in&nbsp;Junction City on December 24, 1911.&nbsp; A large crowd was present to see the children dressed in bright colors and to hear the humorous sayings of Santa Claus.&nbsp; The audience’s laughter was proof they enjoyed themselves.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The first act was presented by the Sunday School classes.&nbsp; They planned to visit Santa,&nbsp;because his sleigh had broken down and two of his reindeer were lame.&nbsp; There didn’t seem to be a way to help Santa so he could deliver the presents to all the good little girls and boys.&nbsp;&nbsp;The next scene took place in the home of Santa.&nbsp; The Sunday School group of children arrived to help Santa by placing wheels on Santa’s sleigh.&nbsp; This brought laughter from the little ones in the audience.&nbsp;&nbsp;The chorus songs, solos, duets and trios showed that a great deal of practice had taken place before the performance.&nbsp; At the close of the play a generous treat was given and all went home happy, feeling the evening’s entertainment was indeed a merry way to enjoy Christmas Eve at the Methodist Church.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Geary County Historical Society hopes you enjoy this season with your family and friends.&nbsp; May your “every wish comes true.”“Beware of Scams”A new version of the worthless check game was perpetrated in Junction City in 1915 by a stranger who gave his name as A.J. Wilson. This Mr. Wilson was immaculately dressed, wore a diamond stud and carried a suitcase.&nbsp; While in the Mayden Feed and Coal Store, he ordered two tons of coal to be sent to his home. He gave his address and wrote a check for a considerable amount and received $17.50 in change.&nbsp;When the deliveryman delivered the coal he found there was no house at that address and an investigation began.&nbsp; It was found that the check was worthless and the man had taken a streetcar to Manhattan, Kansas.&nbsp;Sheriff Harbes was notified and caught the next interurban in hot pursuit.&nbsp; This Mr. Wilson, or as he called himself, caught the same car and the sheriff was convinced he had his man.&nbsp; It seems Wilson went to Fort Riley on the first car and not directly to Manhattan as had been earlier thought.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Sheriff, who had caught Wilson and taken him into custody, got off to catch the next car back to Junction City.&nbsp; As they were going from one car to another, Wilson slipped out of his overcoat and in the darkness dodged behind a building. He jumped two fences and disappeared into the cornfields.&nbsp; His overcoat and grip were brought back to Junction City. Six pictures of Wilson were found in his grip. The pictures showed Wilson in a fighting pose, sporting a regulation boxing ring costume.&nbsp; The Sheriff commented that Wilson appeared to be more of a sprinter than a boxer.&nbsp;The next day’s newspaper reported that Wilson had been captured in Manhattan and taken to a Shawnee County Jail.&nbsp; Wilson had committed identical offenses in Topeka and so was turned over to the authorities there, which saved Junction City about $200 in costs to keep him in jail and prosecute him.Even today we must remain vigilant to a variety of scammers.&nbsp; Enjoy the holiday season, but also be alert to those who would take advantage for their own personal gain.

“Finding The Best Fresh Cut Christmas Tree For The Holiday”

	The Christmas tree is often the focal point of our holiday season.&nbsp; Years ago the family bundled up in warm clothes as they hiked out into the woods or pasture to find their Christmas tree – usually on Christmas Eve.&nbsp; Dad brought up the rear, carrying the saw and trying to keep the group headed in the same general direction to find that special tree.

	Finding the tree was no easy matter.&nbsp; Each family member was quick to offer criticism of first spotted trees – too short, too tall, lopsided, not thick enough or the top was not right for the angel.&nbsp; Then, finally one child would shout – “I found it, this tree’s got a bird nest in it”.  Since that meant good luck, the search was over.  Dad sawed the tree down and the family headed home.&nbsp;

	Once the Christmas tree was brought home, it was set up in the living room.&nbsp; Because of the placements of the  wall plug or heat register in the house, the tree was usually in the same place every year.&nbsp;

	 Decorating the Christmas tree with lights and ornaments is believed to have originated in Germany in the early 1880’s with the custom spreading to other European countries. The evergreen tree has long represented immortality and hope.&nbsp; In some rural areas, a tankard of BEER was poured near the root of the selected tree.  It was believed that if the tree flourished, grew sturdy and strong, so would the family and the farm.&nbsp;

	The newspaper advertisements of December 1942 were full of suggestions for “Practical Gifts”at sensible prices.&nbsp; J.C. Penny’s ads noted that wartime Christmases live in the memory long after the happy carefree ones are forgotten.&nbsp;&nbsp;

	The shadow of war had been cast over every home in 1942.&nbsp; The ads also stated that there must be giving – generous giving, but no gift should be extravagant.&nbsp; Some of the suggestions were man’s sanforized shirts at $1.98 each and ladies dresses at $3.98.  Men’s soft leather belts and boy’s shirts were 90 cents each.&nbsp; Townsend’s store in Junction City had aprons for 49 cents and slack suits for $6.50.  A formal gown was priced at $8.50.

	&nbsp; In a letter written to Santa by way of the newspaper, young Vonley Leighton wrote he had been a good boy and would like Santa to bring him house slippers and a new hat.&nbsp; FOR SURE this was a modest and practical request for a war time Christmas.

	Although the prices of the items mentioned here are higher today, gift giving is still&nbsp;about the thought and expression of caring and love which is reflected in a material item.&nbsp;&nbsp;

	Sometimes there is even MORE meaning that comes from the gift of words and quality time spent with those for whom we care so much.&nbsp; That time spent can have a more lasting memory than an any purchased item – SOMETHING for us to think about this Christmas.

	We WISH YOU A MERRY CHRISTMAS from the Geary County Historical Society!!!

Did You Know This About Geary County History?By Dr. Ferrell Miller	Geary County Historical Society Board Member“Finding The Best Fresh Cut Christmas Tree For The Holiday”	The Christmas tree is often the focal point of our holiday season.&nbsp; Years ago the family bundled up in warm clothes as they hiked out into the woods or pasture to find their Christmas tree – usually on Christmas Eve.&nbsp; Dad brought up the rear, carrying the saw and trying to keep the group headed in the same general direction to find that special tree.	Finding the tree was no easy matter.&nbsp; Each family member was quick to offer criticism of first spotted trees – too short, too tall, lopsided, not thick enough or the top was not right for the angel.&nbsp; Then, finally one child would shout – “I found it, this tree’s got a bird nest in it”. Since that meant good luck, the search was over. Dad sawed the tree down and the family headed home.&nbsp;	Once the Christmas tree was brought home, it was set up in the living room.&nbsp; Because of the placements of the wall plug or heat register in the house, the tree was usually in the same place every year.&nbsp;	 Decorating the Christmas tree with lights and ornaments is believed to have originated in Germany in the early 1880’s with the custom spreading to other European countries. The evergreen tree has long represented immortality and hope.&nbsp; In some rural areas, a tankard of BEER was poured near the root of the selected tree. It was believed that if the tree flourished, grew sturdy and strong, so would the family and the farm.&nbsp;“Practical Gifts During WWII”	The newspaper advertisements of December 1942 were full of suggestions for “Practical Gifts”at sensible prices.&nbsp; J.C. Penny’s ads noted that wartime Christmases live in the memory long after the happy carefree ones are forgotten.&nbsp;&nbsp;	The shadow of war had been cast over every home in 1942.&nbsp; The ads also stated that there must be giving – generous giving, but no gift should be extravagant.&nbsp; Some of the suggestions were man’s sanforized shirts at $1.98 each and ladies dresses at $3.98. Men’s soft leather belts and boy’s shirts were 90 cents each.&nbsp; Townsend’s store in Junction City had aprons for 49 cents and slack suits for $6.50. A formal gown was priced at $8.50.	&nbsp; In a letter written to Santa by way of the newspaper, young Vonley Leighton wrote he had been a good boy and would like Santa to bring him house slippers and a new hat.&nbsp; FOR SURE this was a modest and practical request for a war time Christmas.	Although the prices of the items mentioned here are higher today, gift giving is still&nbsp;about the thought and expression of caring and love which is reflected in a material item.&nbsp;&nbsp;	Sometimes there is even MORE meaning that comes from the gift of words and quality time spent with those for whom we care so much.&nbsp; That time spent can have a more lasting memory than an any purchased item – SOMETHING for us to think about this Christmas.	We WISH YOU A MERRY CHRISTMAS from the Geary County Historical Society!!!

“Christmas Gift Shopping in Junction City in 1921”&nbsp;

	Christmas Day will soon be here!!!&nbsp; In 2019 some businesses began stocking and then selling their Christmas items on or before Halloween.&nbsp; However, businesses in 1921 didn’t start that early.

	 It was at the beginning of December in 1921, the Junction City newspapers were just starting to advertise ideas for Christmas gift shoppers urging patrons to not put off shopping until the last minute.&nbsp; 	Cole Brothers had dolls with beautiful hair and sleeping eyes, attractive dresses and quality straw bonnets on their heads.&nbsp; These were priced at $1.25 each.&nbsp;

&nbsp;	A line of exceedingly nifty coats were being sold at greatly reduced prices at the Phillips Dry Goods Store.&nbsp; They came in a variety of plush fur and Boline cloth.  Marvelous lines of toilet goods were shown at the Miller Drug Company.&nbsp; A subtle, delicate perfume in the “Three Flower” line was proving very popular and most attractive gift sets could be purchased in the form of toilet powder, perfume and face powder.&nbsp;

	The Muenzenmayer Hardware Store advertised the Fairy Pressure Cooker, which was a heavy cast aluminum utensil that could cook the toughest chicken to a point where the meat fell from the bone in less than an hour.&nbsp; It guaranteed to save the housewife two thirds of her cooking labor and two thirds of the fuel costs as compared to the open kettle.&nbsp;

Did You Know This About Geary County History?By Dr. Ferrell Miller	Geary County Historical Society Board Member“Christmas Gift Shopping in Junction City in 1921”&nbsp;	Christmas Day will soon be here!!!&nbsp; In 2019 some businesses began stocking and then selling their Christmas items on or before Halloween.&nbsp; However, businesses in 1921 didn’t start that early.	 It was at the beginning of December in 1921, the Junction City newspapers were just starting to advertise ideas for Christmas gift shoppers urging patrons to not put off shopping until the last minute.&nbsp; 	Cole Brothers had dolls with beautiful hair and sleeping eyes, attractive dresses and quality straw bonnets on their heads.&nbsp; These were priced at $1.25 each.&nbsp;&nbsp;	A line of exceedingly nifty coats were being sold at greatly reduced prices at the Phillips Dry Goods Store.&nbsp; They came in a variety of plush fur and Boline cloth. Marvelous lines of toilet goods were shown at the Miller Drug Company.&nbsp; A subtle, delicate perfume in the “Three Flower” line was proving very popular and most attractive gift sets could be purchased in the form of toilet powder, perfume and face powder.&nbsp;	The Muenzenmayer Hardware Store advertised the Fairy Pressure Cooker, which was a heavy cast aluminum utensil that could cook the toughest chicken to a point where the meat fell from the bone in less than an hour.&nbsp; It guaranteed to save the housewife two thirds of her cooking labor and two thirds of the fuel costs as compared to the open kettle.&nbsp;	Perhaps with this time saved, the lady of the house could be working on the latest innovation in needlework being sold at the Art Needlework and Gift Shop.&nbsp; This was a patchwork set in unbleached muslin with color and the edge finished in rickrack to give it a pleasing effect.&nbsp;&nbsp;	 It is especially true that procrastination is common this time of year- especially or those of us who struggle with creative gift ideas.&nbsp; We have interesting items at the Museum that may be THE gift for that special person who has an interest in Geary County history. Stop by between the hours of 1 and 4 Tuesdays through Saturdays.&nbsp; Our Museum is located at the corner of Sixth and Adams Street in Junction City.&nbsp;&nbsp;“Custer’s Military Journey Before The “Battle of Little Big Horn”	A reader of these articles about Geary County history asked a question about a previous story on George and Libby Custer.&nbsp; The question: “Was General Custer stationed at Fort Riley when he and his troops left to fight at the Battle of the Little Big Horn?”&nbsp; After some research, here is some background information and the answer to that question.&nbsp;	An author for the Kansas Historical Society wrote that “When the Seventh Cavalry was formed at Fort Riley in 1866, Custer, who arrived in October of that year, was appointed the Lieutenant Colonel of the regiment.&nbsp; He did not have to wait long to get experience with the Plains Indians. His regiment accompanied General Winfield Scott Hancock’s “peace commission” to southern Kansas in the spring of 1867.&nbsp;	The Seventh Cavalry spent the next three years at Forts Hays, Dodge, Larned and others in pursuit of Indians throughout Kansas, Nebraska and Oklahoma.&nbsp; Custer was court martialed in the summer of 1867 for force marching his troops from Fort Wallace to Fort Hays without orders. This and other charges led to his being relieved from duty for one year.&nbsp; But before his year was up, he was called back by General Phillip Sheridan to lead his regiment in a winter campaign against the Cheyenne. This would become his first major engagement against the Indians when he attacked Black Kettle’s village along the Washita River in what is now Oklahoma.&nbsp; While it was a victory for Custer and his Seventh Cavalry, some considered it a massacre and many of his officers grew to distrust his judgment.”	Another source revealed that “the Custer’s lived at Fort Riley from 1866 until 1871.&nbsp; In 1871, the Custer’s were reassigned to Kentucky. Their wish to return to the plains was granted in early 1873, when they received orders to report to Fort Abraham Lincoln in the Dakota Territory.&nbsp;&nbsp;	On June 25, 1876, Custer led the Seventh against the Indians along the Little Big Horn River in Montana. Nearly 600 soldiers were involved and 268 were killed including Custer.”&nbsp;